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The Theory of Evolution The theory of evolution is based on the fact that certain traits are passed on more frequently than other traits. These traits allow for a greater chance to reproduce and survive for individuals, which is why their numbers tend to increase with time. Scientists are now able to understand how this process is carried out. A study of the clawed frog has revealed that duplicate genes could serve different purposes. Evolution is a natural process that occurs naturally Natural selection is the process that results in organisms changing to be better adapted to the environment they live in. It is one of the major mechanisms of evolution along with mutations, migrations, and genetic drift. People with traits that facilitate reproduction and survival will be more likely to pass on these traits to their offspring. This leads to gradual changes in gene frequency over time. This leads to the formation of new species and the transformation of existing species. In the early 19th century, Charles Darwin formulated a scientific theory that explained how biological organisms evolved over time. The theory is based on the notion that more offspring are created than can be sustained, and that these offspring compete with each other for resources in their physical environments. This leads to an “struggle for existence” in which the ones with the most advantageous traits win while others are discarded. The remaining offspring transmit the genes for these advantageous traits to their offspring which in turn gives them an advantage over other members of the same species. Over time, organisms with these advantageous traits increase in number. It is hard to imagine how natural selection can create new traits if its primary purpose is to eliminate people who are not fit. Additionally, the majority of natural selections are used to reduce the genetic variation of populations. Therefore, it is unlikely that natural selection can produce the emergence of new traits unless other forces are in play. Mutation, genetic drift and migration are the major forces of evolution that alter gene frequencies and lead to evolution. These processes are accelerated due to sexual reproduction, and the fact that each parent gives half of its genes to their offspring. These genes are known as alleles and can be different in different individuals of the same species. The resulting allele frequencies determine whether the trait will be dominant or recessive. In the simplest sense it is a change in the DNA structure of an organism's code. This change causes some cells to grow and develop into a distinct organism, while others do not. Mutations can increase the frequency of alleles already exist or create new ones. The new alleles are passed to the next generation, and then become dominant phenotypes. Evolution is built on natural selection Natural selection is a straightforward mechanism that causes living things to change over time. It is the result of interactions between heritable phenotypic variations and differential reproduction. These elements create a situation that people with beneficial traits are able to reproduce more frequently than those without them. This process is a gradual process that results in a change in the gene pool to ensure that it is more closely linked to the environment in which individuals reside. Darwin's “survival-of-the fittest” is an underlying concept. This process is based on the notion that different traits help individuals to adapt to their environment. These traits increase the chance of individuals to live, reproduce and produce many offspring. BioMed Central states that this will eventually cause the trait to spread throughout the population. Eventually, the trait will be found in all of the members of a group, and the population's composition will change. This is called evolution. People who have less adaptive traits will die or be unable to produce offspring and their genes will not make it into future generations. In time, genetically modified organisms are more likely to become dominant in the population. They may also evolve into new species. However, see this site is not a guaranteed process. The environment can change suddenly, making the adaptations obsolete. Sexual selection is another aspect that influences the evolution of. Some traits are favored if they increase the chances of a person mating with another. This can lead to some odd phenotypes like brightly colored feathers in birds or the oversized antlers of deer. These phenotypes might not be useful to the organism however they may increase the chances of survival and reproduction. Another reason why students misunderstand natural selection is that they mistake it for soft inheritance. Soft inheritance is not necessary for evolution, but it is often a crucial component. This is because it allows for random modification of DNA, as well as the creation new genetic variants that aren't immediately useful to an organism. These mutations are then used as raw material by natural selection. Genetics is the foundation of evolution Evolution is a natural process that causes changes in the traits inherited of species over time. It is based upon several factors, including mutation or gene flow, as well as horizontal gene transfers. The relative frequency of alleles within a group can also influence development. This allows for the selection of a trait that is advantageous in a new environment. The theory of evolution is an essential concept in biology and has profound implications for the understanding of life on Earth. Darwin's ideas, combined with Linnaeus notions of relationship and Lamarck's theories of inheritance, transformed the idea of how traits are passed from parents to their offspring. Darwin believed that parents passed on traits inherited from their parents through their use or lack of use but instead they were preferred or disfavored by the environment they lived in and passed this information on to their offspring. He called this natural selection, and in his book The Origin of Species he explained how this could lead the development of new types of species. Random genetic changes or mutations happen in the DNA of cells. These mutations are responsible for an array of characteristics phenotypically related to eye color and hair color. They may also be affected by environmental factors. Certain phenotypic traits are controlled by multiple genes, and some are characterized by multiple alleles. For instance blood type (A B or O) has three alleles. Modern Synthesis is a framework that blends Darwinian theories of evolution with Mendel's genetics. It combines macroevolutionary changes found in fossil records with microevolutionary processes like genetic mutation and trait-selection. Macroevolution can take a long time to complete and is only visible in fossil records. Microevolution however, is a process that is more rapid and can be observed in living organisms. Microevolution is driven by genetic selection and mutation, which are smaller scales than macroevolution. It is also increased through other mechanisms, such as gene flow, or horizontal gene transfer. Evolution is based upon chance The fact that evolution happens by chance is an argument that has long been used by anti-evolutionists. However, this argument is flawed, and it is important to understand the reasons. The argument is based on a misinterpretation of randomness and contingency. This error is rooted in a misreading of the nature of biological contingency as described by Stephen Jay Gould. He claimed that genetic information does not grow in a random manner, but is influenced by past events. He based this on the fact that DNA is a copy of DNA, which themselves depend on other molecules. All biological processes follow a causal sequence. The argument is also flawed because it relies on the laws and practices of science. These assertions are not only not logically sound, but also false. The science of practice supposes that causal determinism not sufficient to be able to predict all natural phenomena. Brendan Sweetman's book is an attempt to provide a balanced and accessible introduction to the relationship of evolutionary theory with Christian theology. He is not a flashy author, but a patient one, which fits his objectives that include separating the scientific and implications for religion from evolutionary theory. Although the book isn't quite as thorough as it could be but it does provide an informative overview of the key issues in this debate. It also demonstrates that evolutionary theory is a firmly-proven scientific theory that is widely accepted by experts in the field and deserving of rational assent. The book isn't as convincing when it comes down to the question of whether God has any role in the evolution process. While Pokemon that are traded with other trainers can't be evolved at no cost, trading is an effective method to save Candy and time. Trading Pokemon with other players lowers the cost of evolving certain Pokemon using the standard method. This is particularly beneficial for high-level Pokemon, which require lots of Candy to evolve.